Guillaume T. F. Raynall (360)
Election date: 1775Guillaume Thomas François Raynal (12 April 1713–6 March 1796) was a writer, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1775. Born in Saint-Geniez, France, Raynal began his studies at the Jesuit school of Pézanas, receiving holy orders and working in the parish of Saint-Sulpice in Paris before being mysteriously dismissed. From then on, he dedicated himself to writing and historical studies: composing histories of the Netherlands (1747), and then English Parliament (1748), and editing Mercure de France (1750-1754), a government-backed periodical. He quickly earned a spot in the Parisian salons. His popularity seemed to only increase upon the publication of his collaboration with Denis Diderot, Histoire de deux Indes (1770), which condemned colonial European treatment of the indigenous people in India and the Americas, citing religious bigotry and abuse of power as sources of unjust violence. The Histoire was published in many editions and translations despite landing a spot on Catholic Church’s Index of Forbidden Books in 1774. Raynal was driven into exile, being welcomed by the likes of Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great as he ventured through Europe. Finally, in 1787, he returned to France, where Marseilles had elected him to the Estates-General. Raynal refused the appointment because of the violence of the French Revolution, and prepared a tone-deaf message for the National Assembly renouncing the carnage and supporting a constitutional monarchy in 1791. Unsurprisingly, the National Assembly retaliated and seized his estate. Still, he regained some of his reputation a few years later, joining the Institute of France in 1795. Unfortunately, however, he died one year later. (EB)
Two editions in 1791: one in Paris and one in Dublin.
Two editions. Initial imprint was of two volumes in one, likely produced in the winter of 1752-53.
Seven editions: one in 1750 (Paris), one in 1752 (Paris), one in 1754 (Amsterdam), two in 1756 (Amsterdam, La Haye [The Hague]), one in 1762 (Leipzig), and one in 1766 (La Haye [The Hague]).
Per Princeton: "Written by Raynal, cf. Barbier, Dict. des ouvragaes anonymes, 3. éd.; Brit. Mus. Catalogue."
Two editions, both in Paris: one in 1781 and one in 1782.
Probably two editions, and probably both in Geneva (some catalogs guess Paris, including Sabin).
One extant edition, although catalogs note that "The letters were originally published in English under title: Letters on Portugal on the Present and former state of that Kingdom, London 1777. This edition is from the French translation by H. Jansen, published in Paris, 1780--cf. pref./ "Anhang," p. [119]-290, has title: Neueste Nachrichten über Brasilien, aus des Abbé Raynal verbesserten Ausgabe der Geschichte der Europäer in beiden Indien übersetzt."
One edition. B. Franklin mentioned: p.14.
One edition, although Sabin dates this as 1790, indicating there might be two.
One edition. This is the condemnation of Raynal's Histoire philosophique.
One edition.
Three editions : two in London (1782, 1787), one in Genève in 1792. The imprint is false; probably printed in Paris (Weller). Edited by J. B. A. Hédouin.
Three editions. One in 1785 in Geneva, one in 1788 in Leipzig, and one in 1790 in Port-au-Prince.
One edition.
One edition.
One edition.
By the Abbé Raynal.
At least ninety-two editions. There were three in 1770 (two in Amsterdam, one in Genève), two in 1772 (Amsterdam, La Haye), one in 1773 (Amsterdam), three in 1774 (two in La Haye, one in Maestricht [Netherlands]), two in 1774-1778 (Hannover, Kopenhagen and Leipzig), five in 1775 (Philadelphia, Genève, Le Haye, Belfast, Maestricht [Netherlands]), two in 1775-1792 (Amsterdam), five in 1776 (London, Edinburgh, Dublin, La Haye, Wilnie [Vilnius, Lithuania]), one in 1776-1777 ([Siena, Italy?]), one in 1776-1782 (Amsterdam), three in 1777 (two in London, Maestricht), six in 1778 (two in London, one in Paris, one in La Haye, one in Leipzig), four in 1779 (two in Edinburgh, one in Dublin, one in Aberdeen), one in 1779-1780 (Venezia, si ritrova in Genova [Venice & Genoa]), seven in 1780 (two in Genève, one in Amsterdam and Leipzig, two in Rostok [Germany] and Leipzig, one in Nantes, one in Paris), eight in 1781 (two in Genève, three in London [Paris or Holland], one in Amsterdam, two in La Haye), four in 1782 (Edinburgh, Genève, London [Amsterdam?], Amsterdam), one in 1782–1784 (Venice), three in 1783 (London, Geneva, Warszawie [Warsaw]), one in 1783-1784 (Neuchatel and Geneve), one in 1783-1788 (Kempten [Germany]), four in 1784 (London, Amsterdam, Dublin, Lausanne [Switzerland]), one in 1784-1790 (Madrid), two in 1786 (Edinburgh, London), two in 1787 (Avignon, London and Paris), one in 1788 (London), one in 1791 (Paris), three in 1792 (Paris, Edinburgh, London), one in 1793 (Neufchatel), one in 1794 (London), one in 1794-1795 (Paris), two in 1798 (Paris, London), one in 1799 (Dublin), one in 1804 (Edinburgh), one in 1804-1808 (Kiøbenhavn [Copenhagen]), one in 1806 (Sanktpeterburgie [St. Petersburg]), one in 1810 (Paris), one in 1812 (Glasgow), one in 1820-1821 (Paris), one in 1821 (Paris), one in 1823 (London), one in 1825 (Paris), one in 1826 (Paris).
Five editions, all in 1789: two in Marseille, one in Warsaw, one in Berlin, and one imprint location unknown. The latter appeared as "Lettre adressée au corps de la bourgeoisie de la ville de Marseille."
One edition.
One edition.
One edition.
Two editions. Researchers should note that a falsely attributed and often similarly titled pamphlet of the same length appears in catalogs—which is which is difficult to discern without physical viewing.
One edition.
One edition.
Two editions, both in Amsterdam: one in 1754 and one in 1772.
One edition. Vol. 1 includes lists of paintings, etc., in various buildings of Paris and suburbs.
One edition. Per ESTC: The imprint is false; printed on the continent.
At least thirty-three editions: seventeen in 1781 (eight in Londres [i.e. Netherlands et al?], two in London, two in La Haye, one in Stockholm, one in Paris, two in Dublin, one in Boston), ten in 1782 (two in Philadelphia, one in London, Edinburgh, Salem, Norwich, Dublin, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Leipzig, Hudson [NY]), one in 1783 (Edinburgh), one in 1786 (Berlin), one in 1791 (London), two in 1792 (Edinburgh, Hudson [NY]), one in 1795 (Philadelphia), and one in 1816 (Stockholm).
Although largely comprised of "the text of Book 18, chapters 38-52, of the third version of the 'Histoire philosophique' [et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes], as it appeared in the 1780 Geneva edition," per Echeverria & Wilkie, we separate it here for obvious reasons.
Two editions in 1775: one in Philadelphia and one in Belfast. This is a translation of an extract from the abbé Raynal's 'Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes', 2nd edition, 1773.
It is presented here separately as it points particularly to the moment.
Two editions: one in Venice in 1778, one in Amsterdam in 1781.
Two editions, both published in Philadelphia in 1784. In the second edition, the text is included in a larger work titled, Illuminations for legislators and for sentimentalists; containing, I. Sentiments on what is freedom, and what is slavery : by a farmer…